IFRC (0) Direct Observation. EVCA Toolbox

IFRC (2021) Community Engagement and Accountability Toolkit

This toolkit contains tools that can help National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies – as well as other organizations – to assess, design, implement, monitor and evaluate community engagement and accountability activities in support of programmes and operations. The toolkit should be used in conjunction with our Guide to Community Engagement and Accountability.

IFRC (2021) A Guide to Community Muralisation

Community murals could help CEA practitioners to promote coexistence in public spaces; involving communities, it can be a vehicle for social cohesion and inclusion. This guide presents the steps to follow to develop a community muralisation activity within a migration framework.

IASC (2019) Guidelines. Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action

The guidelines set out essential actions that humanitarian actors must take in order to effectively identify and respond to the needs and rights of persons with disabilities who are most at risk of being left behind in humanitarian settings. The recommended actions in each chapter place persons with disabilities at the centre of humanitarian action, both as actors and as members of affected populations. They are […]

IASC (2018) Guideline. The Gender Handbook for Humanitarian Action

The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) published the original Women, Girls, Boys and Men. Different Needs — Equal Opportunities: Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action in 2006. The purpose of the handbook was to provide humanitarian actors with guidance on gender analysis, planning and actions to ensure that the needs, priorities and capacities of women, girls, men and boys are considered in all aspects of humanitarian response. […]

Hulland, K., Leontsini, E., Dreibelbis, R., Unicomb, L., Afroz, A., Dutta, N.C., Nizame, F.A., Luby, S.P., Ram, P.K., Winch, P.J. (2013) Designing a Handwashing Station for Infrastructure-Restricted Communities in Bangladesh Using the Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions (IBM-WASH)

In Bangladesh diarrhoeal disease and respiratory infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Handwashing with soap reduces the risk of infection; however, handwashing rates in infrastructure-restricted settings remain low. Handwashing stations – a dedicated, convenient location where both soap and water are available for handwashing – are associated with improved handwashing practices. Our aim was to identify a locally feasible and acceptable handwashing station that […]

House, S., Ferron, S. et al. (2014) Violence, Gender and WASH. A Practitioner´s Toolkit. Toolset 4-E Methodologies for Working With Communities. Pocket Chart Voting and Participatory Ranking

Pocket charts and participatory ranking are two useful methodologies that can help to identify differences in experiences and opinions of different groups in the community, as well as to understand the scale of a problem. As pocket chart voting can be done in private, this method could be well suited for identifying the experiences women and girls or other community members have of harassment or […]

House, S. (2018) Guidance and Tips for Learning from People Who May Be Most Disadvantaged During the Programme Process

House, S. (2009) Strengthening the Humanity in Humanitarian Action in the Work of the WASH Sector in the Rohingya Response

House, J.S. (1987) Social Support and Social Structure

The burgeoning study of social support in relation to social stress and health would benefit from increased attention to issues of social structure. Three aspects of social relationships, all often referred to as social support, must be more clearly distinguished—(1) their existence or quantity (i.e., social integration), (2) their formal structure (i.e., social networks), and (3) their functional or behavioral content (i.e., the most precise […]

Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (2016) SBCC for Emergency Preparedness. Implementation Kit

In the wake of Ebola and in the throes of the Zika outbreak, more focus than ever is on the importance of strong and resilient1 health systems that serve and promote the well-being of individuals, households and communities. Engaging in social and behavior change communication (SBCC) preparedness efforts as part of strengthening a health system, and certainly prior to a critical incident, can bolster a […]

Hawkins, R., Marmer, P., Moir, K. (2006) Participatory Rural Appraisal in the Southern Gobi

Hart, R.A. (1992) Children’s Participation: from Tokenism to Citizenship

A nation is democratic to the extent that its citizens are involved, particularly at the community level. The confidence and competence to be involved must be gradually acquired through practice. It is for this reason that there should be gradually increasing opportunities for children to participate in any aspiring democracy, and particularly in those nations already convinced that they are democratic. With the growth of […]

GWC (2009) WASH Accountability Resources. Ask, Listen, Communicate

Guijt, I. (2014) Participatory Approaches. Methodological Briefs. Impact Evaluation No. 5

Norman, P., Conner, P (2005) Predicting Health Behaviour: Research and Practice with Social Cognition Models. 2nd Edition.

The study of behaviours that influence health and the factors determining which individuals will and will not perform such behaviours has become a key area of research within health psychology. As the second edition of this book testifies, there is a considerable and impressive body of research in this area. The purpose of this book is to provide in a single source an overview of […]

Niederberger, E., Glanville-Wallis, T. (2019) Community Engagement in WASH Emergencies: Understanding Barriers and Enablers Based on Action Research from Bangladesh and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Engaging communities in humanitarian programming is key to ensuring their participation in decision-making that affects them as outlined by commitment 4 of the Core Humanitarian Standards. Based on learning from the West-African Ebola response (2014–2016), Oxfam’s WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) team is undertaking a paradigm shift toward greater community engagement (hereafter referred to as CE) in WASH, with a strong focus on measuring community […]

Nembrini, P.G. (2005) Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Habitat in Prisons.

This handbook offers a summary of the practical experience gained. It is not intended to provide answers to all problems relating to material conditions of detention, for such problems have to be approached also from the angle of the organization of prison administrations and of the management of prisons and other places of detention, matters which are outside its purview. The ICRC hopes that this […]

Narayan D. (1993) Participatory Evaluation. Tools for Managing Change in Water and Sanitation. World Bank Technical Paper No. 207.

There is now widespread recognition that participatory development-involvinig users and communities in all stages of the development process-is critical for achieving sustained benefits. By responding to felt needs, and by involving stakeholders intimately in all aspects of a program, participatory development creates "ownership," accountability, and a willingness on the part of users to manage and invest in services. By broadening and opening up the development […]

Groupe URD (2009) Participation Handbook for Humanitarian Field Workers. Chapter 1-7

The Participation Handbook for humanitarian field workers contains detailed practical advice on the participation of affected people in humanitarian action. It has three sections: Developing a participatory approach (main issues, key factors, building mutual respect, communication methods and advice on reviewing your approach); Implementing your participatory approach at every stage of the project cycle (initial assessment, project design, implementation, monitoring and final evaluation); A list […]